Reference chart · Free for everyone

Which EU countries offer which visas

The same table for every visitor. Nothing here is calculated from your personal income, savings, or situation. Check this first, then pick the countries you're considering to see self-help guides for each.

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offer a digital nomad visa

8 / 27

offer a retirement / passive-income visa

9 / 27

offer an investor / golden visa

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recognize ancestry-based citizenship

Show countries offering:

Country▼	Digital nomad / freelance▼	Retirement / passive income▼	Investor / golden visa▼	Standard employment▼	Ancestry citizenship▼
Austria	Not offered	Available €2,617 ($2,853)/mo No local work	Not offered	€3,465 ($3,777)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Belgium	Available €3,500 ($3,815)/mo	Not offered	Not offered	€2,112 ($2,302)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Bulgaria	Available €2,583 ($2,815)/mo	Available €620 ($676)/mo No local work	Available €511,300 ($557,317) residence-by-investment only, via BGN 1,000,000 in qualifying assets; the fast-track citizenship-by-investment program was terminated in April 2022	€1,700 ($1,853)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Croatia	Available €3,295 ($3,592)/mo	Not offered	Not offered	€970 ($1,057)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Cyprus	Available €3,500 ($3,815)/mo	Not offered	Available €300,000 ($327,000) residency via property investment; the separate citizenship-by-investment program was scrapped in 2020	€1,000 ($1,090)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Czech Republic	Available €2,240 ($2,442)/mo	Not offered	Not offered	€750 ($818)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Denmark	Not offered	Not offered	Not offered	€6,166 ($6,721)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Estonia	Available €4,500 ($4,905)/mo	Not offered	Not offered	€1,750 ($1,908)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Finland	Not offered	Not offered	Not offered	€3,937 ($4,291)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
France	Not offered	Not offered	Not offered	€1,800 ($1,962)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Germany	Available €934 ($1,018)/mo	Not offered	Not offered	€3,500 ($3,815)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Greece	Available €3,500 ($3,815)/mo	Available €3,500 ($3,815)/mo No local work	Available €400,000 ($436,000) standard tier for most mainland regions/smaller islands; €800k in Athens, Thessaloniki, Mykonos, Santorini and other prime zones	€830 ($905)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Hungary	Available €3,000 ($3,270)/mo Individual only	Not offered	Available €250,000 ($272,500) via a government-accredited real estate fund, relaunched 2024	€730 ($796)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Ireland	Not offered	Not offered	Not offered	€2,800 ($3,052)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Italy	Not offered	Available €2,667 ($2,907)/mo No local work	Available €250,000 ($272,500) lowest tier: innovative startup investment; higher tiers run to €2M for government bonds	€1,300 ($1,417)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Latvia	Available €4,538 ($4,946)/mo	Available €1,101 ($1,200)/mo No local work	Available €50,000 ($54,500) restricted investor residence route: €50k-100k depending on region and investment type, far narrower than the pre-2023 real-estate golden visa era	€1,000 ($1,090)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Lithuania	Not offered	Not offered	Available €14,000 ($15,260) business/company-formation residence route with a disputed effective threshold; figures cited range from €14k to €50k depending on business type and legal counsel	€1,100 ($1,199)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Luxembourg	Not offered	Available €2,771 ($3,020)/mo No local work	Not offered	€4,500 ($4,905)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Malta	Available €3,500 ($3,815)/mo	Not offered	Available €500,000 ($545,000) Permanent Residence Programme, plus a required property purchase/lease (€375k+ or €14k/yr) and roughly €99k in government fees and donation on top of the capital position; the priciest program in this demo	€960 ($1,046)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Netherlands	Not offered	Not offered	Not offered	€4,000 ($4,360)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable
Poland	Not offered	Not offered	Not offered	€1,000 ($1,090)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Portugal	Available €3,680 ($4,011)/mo	Available €920 ($1,003)/mo	Available €500,000 ($545,000) via qualifying investment funds; the old real-estate route was closed in 2023	€870 ($948)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Romania	Available €5,465 ($5,957)/mo	Not offered	Not offered	€700 ($763)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Slovakia	Not offered	Not offered	Not offered	€1,933 ($2,107)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Slovenia	Available €3,098 ($3,377)/mo	Not offered	Not offered	€1,278 ($1,393)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Spain	Available €2,849 ($3,105)/mo	Available €2,400 ($2,616)/mo No local work	Not offered	€1,200 ($1,308)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Recognized
Sweden	Not offered	Not offered	Not offered	€3,091 ($3,369)/mo Job-offer salary floor	Not applicable

Figures shown are for a single applicant. Income and savings thresholds typically increase for an accompanying spouse or children; see each country’s free self-help guide for the household-adjusted amount. Amounts and program availability change; always confirm current requirements with the relevant consulate, embassy, or immigration authority before relying on them.

Standard employment and student visas exist, in some form, in every EU country shown. Employment’s income floor is the meaningful difference between them, so it’s included here; student proof-of-funds requirements vary by country and appear in full in each country’s self-help guide rather than on this chart. This chart states published facts only; nothing on it reflects your own eligibility.

For general information only, not individualized advice. We don't evaluate your personal eligibility or provide guidance about your specific immigration, legal, tax, or financial situation. For decisions that matter, consult a licensed immigration attorney or the relevant government agency.